Table 2 Finnish Forest Laws’ Climate-Resilient Management Actions

Forest disease

Plant Health Act 1110/2019⁹³

4, 5, 6

Preventing dangerous plant pests in forest trees and their spreading.

Forest Damages Prevention Act 1087/2013⁴⁴

8a, 17

• The feller should take care of root rot and weevil control in the risk area between the beginning of May and the end of November.

• FFC prepare control plan and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry approve a forest damages control plan in order that the control is cost-efficient, effective, and preventive damages.

4, 8

Prevent significant spread of insects causing forest damage from the timber in storage.

Tree species

Decree on the Sustainable management and use of Forests 1308/2013⁴³

8, 11

A diverse range of native tree species for natural regeneration and sustainable forest management should be practiced.

Alien Species Act 1709/2015⁹⁴

1, 3, 4,11,

Annex B

Preventing and mitigating the spread and adverse impacts of invasive alien species, respectively.

Plant Health Act 1110/2019 (Ch 3)⁹³

8

Use or import the native species

Wind-storms, Forest fires, Heavy snow, Forest disease

Forest Damages Prevention Act 1087/2013⁴⁴

9

The Finnish Forest Centre (FFC) hear and collect information of the occurrence of forest damage time, area and the contact information of landowners to measures within 14 days.

10

Compensating for the costs associated with the actions taken to prevent forest damages

Act on the incentive system for forestry 71/2023 (Ch 1)⁴²

15

• Advancement of sustainable forest management and measures to promote adaptation of forests to climate change.

• Water protection measures, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation.

Wind-storms, Forest fires, Heavy snow

Act on the incentive system for forestry 71/2023 (Ch 3)⁴²

2, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19

Making a forest road, renovation of a private road and construction of a new forest road.

Wind-storms, Heavy snow, Forest disease

Climate Act 423/2022 (Ch 1,2)⁹⁵

2, 10

Make and approve a National Climate Adaptation plan with climate risk management and sustainability measures

Forest Damages Prevention Act 1087/2013⁴⁴

4, 8

• If the owner of timber does not remove the timber as laid down shall: cover, sprinkle water; debark, treat plant protection product, pile away sufficient distance of the same species forest stand.

• When storing pine or spruce timber in a terminal or industrial storage site the owner of the timber is obliged to undertake reasonable measures.

• Cover the surface layer of a pine and spruce timber pile.

Wind-storms, Forest fires, Heavy snow, Forest disease

Act on the incentive system for forestry 71/2023 (Ch 6)⁴²

40

Regeneration felling is conceded only if natural damage to the forest has occurred and necessitates it.

Forest Damages Prevention Act 1087/2013⁴⁴

3-4

Removal of timber from a felling and intermediate timing, location and distance of the storage.

5,14

Removal of parts of trunk and stumps of pine and spruce from a forest stand and intermediate storage site.

6

• Removal of damaged trees from a forest stand and intermediate storage site.

• If the landowner does not remove the timber shall notify that to FFC.

20

Landowner Liability for damages:

• If a landowner damages another landowner’s trees (as per section 6(6)) or causes a decrease in the tree stand growth of more than 20 solid cubic metres per hectare over five years, they are obligated to compensate the damaged owner.

• The landowner is obliged to compensate if damage from their own forest spreads to a terminal or industrial storage. Otherwise, the provisions laid down in the apply to Tort Liability Act (412/1974).

21

State’s liability for damages:

• Forest damages from State-owned reserves or protected areas are managed by Metsähallitus based on safety decisions.

• Compensation can be reduced if the same party suffers and contributes to the damage.

• Landowners apply to the damage occurring regional unit (FFC) to receive compensation from the Ministry of the Environment.

25

Violating the provisions intentionally or through gross negligence according to the Forest Damages Prevention Act laid down in Section 3–6 shall be sentenced or fined.

Manage option: preventing & corrective deforestation

Income Tax Act on Agriculture and Forestry 543/1967⁹⁶

5

The taxable income (referred to in § 4), among other things: Transfer prices and other considerations from machines, equipment and devices as well as damage, insurance and other compensations, deducted the acquisition costs as depreciation.