Table 3 Non-binding Climate-Resilient Management Actions in Finnish Forest

Forest disease

FSC-STD-FIN-02-2023⁵⁶: P 10.7.6^b

PEFC FI 1002:2024: Annex 2⁹⁷

Chemical pesticides should not pose environmental, or health risks & associated any drawbacks should be addressed promptly.

PEFC FI 1002:2024: 8.5.1⁹⁷

Ensure tree health by preventing fungal spread, minimizing damage during harvesting, protecting against insects.

PEFC FI 1002:2024: 8.9.1⁹⁷

Only approved plant protection products shall be used in forest management and harvesting.

Tree species

FSC-STD-FIN-02-2023⁵⁶: P 6.6.1.1.2

Preserve biological diversity during felling by retaining specific tree species.

• For Oaks, minimum diameter is 20 cm in the hemiboreal zone and 10 cm elsewhere in Finland.

• For other Southern Broadleaved Trees, minimum diameter is 10 cm or more measured at breast height.

FSC-STD-FIN-02-2023⁵⁶: 6.6.1.4.1 & 6.6.1.4.2

Maintain at least 10% of the total number of deciduous trees within seedling stands.

PEFC FI 1002:2024: 8.7.1⁹⁷

Native tree species shall be used in forest regeneration, except in special cases.

PEFC FI 1002:2024: 8.13.1⁹⁷

The biodiversity of forest species shall be promoted with prescribed burning excluding Åland and areas under 200,000 hectares.

Wind-storms, Forest fires, Heavy snow, Forest disease

FSC-STD-FIN-02-2023⁸²: P 6.5.7^a

Conducted forestry operations, drainage, and road construction without compromising conservation values of protected areas.

Wind-storms, Heavy snow, Forest disease

FSC-STD-FIN-02-2023⁵⁶: P 6.5.1.6^b

Dangerous trees can be cut, blocked trees cleared, and access routes established to protect site conservation goals while minimizing damage to natural values.

Wind-storms, Forest fires, Heavy snow, Forest disease

FSC-STD-FIN-02-2023⁵⁶: P 6.6.1.2

• Retention trees must include the main tree species (excluding alien species, except larch) and grouped within a 1 km diameter

• In regeneration felling, at least 10 trees/hectare with specified diameters (20 cm and 15 cm in Southern and Northern Finland, respectively) must be retained.

• A minimum of 10 cm diameter are required if larger retention trees are not available.

FSC-STD-FIN-02-2023⁵⁶: P 6.6.1.3^a

• Retention of dead trees over 10 cm in diameter at breast height in forestry operations.

• If freshly formed deadwood in decay class 1 exceeds 20 m3/ha, it can be removed on the site, irrespective of the Forest Pests Act threshold. In Class 2 forests, excess fresh dead wood in decay class 1 over 10 m3/ha can be removed.

PEFC FI 1002:2024: 8.14.1⁹⁷

• The minimum average number of retention trees left permanently in fellings is 10/ha;

• The combined minimum number of damaged, live, and dead trees to be retained is 20/ha.

Wind-storms, Heavy snow, Forest disease

FSC-STD-FIN-02-2023⁵⁶: N 1-36.6.1.3

The indicator does not impede legal wood harvesting, when there is a threat of fungal and insect damage and forestry operations should be carefully executed to minimize the risk to workers and trunk rot damage.