Fig. 1: Differences between decreasing and no decreasing cores.

Boxplots of organic carbon (A–C) and mud (D–F) contents (%), sediment accretion rates (G–I; cm yr−1), sea water temperature (J–L, °C), and δ13C (M–O ‰) in the top 25 cm of soil in cores showing decreasing or stable plus increasing downcore OC trends (i.e., non-decreasing). Data in A–C were log-transformed. Boxplot horizontal lines indicate median values; box, 25th to 75th percentiles; whiskers: highest and lowest value excluding outliers (Q3 + 1.5×IQR to Q1−1.5×IQR, IQR: interquartile range); black dots, potential outliers. Significant differences between cores with decreasing and stable or increasing soil OC downcore trends within each ecosystem (Wilcoxon test), p-value: * 0.05– 0.01, ** 0.01–0.001, *** 0.001). Numbers above x-axis labels indicate the number of cores per category.