Table 1 Summary of the observations and climate models used

From: Warming and freshening coastal waters impact harmful algal bloom frequency in high latitudes

Observations and climate models

Variable

Spatial resolution

Time step

Period

ESA CCI and C3S

SST

0.05 °

Daily

1995–2014

TOPAZ

MLD and SSS

12.5 km

Daily

1995–2014

GlobColour

PAR

4 km

8 Days mean

2000–2019

AWI-CM1-1-MR

SST, SSS, and MLD

8–80 km

Daily

1995–2014

2068–2087

NorESM2-MM

SST, SSS, and MLD

1 °

Daily

1995–2014

2074–2093

MPI-ESM1-2-HR

SST, SSS, and MLD

40 km

Daily

1995–2014

2077–2096

  1. Future periods in the climate models correspond to when the global average of the Earth’s surface air temperature reaches 3 °C warmer than the 1995–2014 period.