Fig. 3: Global material flows and the material surplus in fossil fuel infrastructure during 1980–2050 under SSP2(BL) and SSP2(2D) scenarios. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 3: Global material flows and the material surplus in fossil fuel infrastructure during 1980–2050 under SSP2(BL) and SSP2(2D) scenarios.

From: Prospecting urban mines of fossil fuel-based energy systems in the energy transition

Fig. 3

The material flows of steel (a, b), copper (d, e), and aluminium (g, h), along with their corresponding surpluses (c, f, i), are shown. Surplus is defined as the difference between outflows and inflows within the same year, where positive values in the shaded areas indicate that outflows exceed inflows.

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