Fig. 1: Paleogeography of the Badenian Central Paratethys Sea and global climate evolution over the last 23.03 million years.
From: Mid-Miocene warmth pushed fossil coral calcification to physiological limits in high-latitude reefs
a Paleo-CO2 (blue) and global mean surface temperature (GMST, red) records; proxy data (open circles) and statistically reconstructed 500-kyr mean values (solid lines) with 95% credible intervals81. The arrow heads indicate the atmospheric CO2 levels in year 2023 (dark gray) and in pre-industrial times (light gray). The red and blue bars on the time-axis show the duration of the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) and Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT), respectively, and the colored vertical bars the temporal range of the early (E), middle (M) and late (L) Badenian regional stratigraphic substages. The symbols on the x-axis refer to Fig. 2 and indicate the temporal relationships of the coral growth records compared there. b Paleogeographic map82 showing the location and paleolatitude of the sample sites (U4 = Hosszúhetény, Dras = Drasenhofen, Poetz = Pötzleinsdorf, MM = Mecsek Mts.). Paleolatitudes were inferred with GPlates (https://portal.gplates.org, last access 28-11-2023) using the Paleomap model by C. Scotese. The inset marks the position of the Central Paratethys within Europe.
