Fig. 4: Model overestimation/underestimation of HW metrics relative to ERA5.
From: Anthropogenic warming is accelerating recent heatwaves in Africa

Overestimation/underestimation of HW metrics in CESM2-LE all-forcing members compared to ERA5 during the historical (1950–1979, a–i) and recent (1985–2014, j–r) periods for compound (a–c, j–l), daytime (d–f, m–o), and nighttime (g–i, p–r) HWs. Dark red (dark blue) dots indicate where the model underestimates (overestimates) the trend in HW metrics compared to ERA5. Light blue and light red dots represent trends within the distribution's tails (below the 25th percentile or above the 75th percentile, respectively). White areas denote regions with no significant model-observation discrepancies.