Fig. 1: Overview of the model setup for the Yellow River Delta.

a Bathymetric profile and model grids with observation and tidal stations; b river flow path relocation scenarios, including current and proposed paths; and c upstream boundary conditions. QN the current existing pathway, QS the Qingshuigou Southeast pathway, DK the Diaokou River pathway. Solid lines denote the current river flow path, while dashed lines indicate the proposed relocations in this study.