Fig. 3: Average difference between observed Tsurf and ideal Tsurf for ecosystem level productivity during the summer.

Blue – tropical, beige – temperate, brown – boreal. Standard error shown in grey/ errorbars; a °C above ideal temperature for productivity with distance to forest edge; b difference of °C above ideal at forest edge (30 m) and forest interior (500 m); Predicted lines based on BAMs with tropical (n = 101,803) temperate (n = 451,074), boreal (n = 494,469). Statistics for the BAMs are documented in Supplementary Table 4. For the same analysis in tropical regions using wet season, see Supplementary Fig. 6. For the same analysis in evergreen forests over the full year, see Supplementary Fig. 7. For the difference in Tsurf between the edge (50 m) and the forest interior (1000 m) (analogous to b) see Supplementary Fig. 11. For delineation of seasons, see Supplementary Table 1, for delineation of biomes, see Supplementary Table 2.