Fig. 4: Comparisons of fractional circa 2020 areas within supply sheds of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certified and noncertified palm oil mills across Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 4: Comparisons of fractional circa 2020 areas within supply sheds of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certified and noncertified palm oil mills across Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia.

From: Uneven participation of independent and contract smallholders in certified palm oil mill markets in Indonesia

Fig. 4

We show the percentage of: supply shed area under independent smallholders (A) and industrial producers (B); and oil palm area under independent smallholders (C) and contract smallholders (D). Data represent certified (n = 250) or noncertified (n = 917) mills, except (D) which uses the balanced panel of 72 mills. We use a 20 km radius to define the supply shed. The lower and upper hinges represent the first and third quartiles, the upper (lower) whisker extends to the largest (smallest) value no further than 1.5 times the inter-quartile range, the bar represents the median, and the symbol above the bracket or box denotes the significance level of the p-value (ns = 0.05 ≤ p, * = 0.01 ≤ p < 0.05, ** = 0.001 ≤ p < 0.01, *** = 0.0001 ≤ p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001) derived from t-tests.

Back to article page