Fig. 1: Development of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with its meteorological characteristics and stress-related volatile emissions.
From: Mirror image molecules expose state of rainforest stress
a The ENSO timeline is shown as the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), which represents the 3-month average temperature anomaly in the oceanic surface waters. The ONI is shown with the black thick line while the sampling periods are indicated with the red shaded areas. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration61. b Air temperature measured at 26 m within rainforest canopy. c Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measured at 81 m above the rainforest canopy. d Soil moisture content at 10 cm depth measured near to the 80 m walk-up measurement tower. e Relative humidity measured at 26 m within the rainforest canopy close to the volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling inlet. f Methyl salicylate (MeSA) abundance normalized to the maximum measured value across all measurement periods, at 23 m within rainforest canopy. g Ambient ozone mixing ratio measured at 24 m within the rainforest canopy close to the VOC sampling inlet. The box plots give the median and 25th and 75th percentiles, the squares show the mean, the whiskers show the maximum and minimum acquired data points that are not considered outliers, and the circles represent outliers.
