Extended Data Fig. 3: Biological processes enriched with randomly selected markers.

Bar graphs depicting the biological pathways enriched when a random selection of markers was performed. The number of proteins randomly selected is the same as those in the unique protein subsets identified along AD stages (Fig. 2b). Functional enrichment was performed using Metascape selecting GO Biological Processes as ontology source. Terms with a p-value < 0.01, a minimum count of 3, and an enrichment factor > 1.5 were collected and grouped into clusters based on their membership similarities. p-values were calculated based on the accumulative hypergeometric distribution. Kappa scores are used as the similarity metric when performing hierarchical clustering on the enriched terms, and subtrees with a similarity of > 0.3 are considered a cluster. The most statistically significant term within a cluster is chosen to represent the cluster. The corresponding GO number and biological process is defined in the right side. Stronger colors represent higher significant enrichment. Vertical line represent the significant threshold (unadjusted p < 0.01).