Fig. 5: Cis-instrument MR results assessing the impact of protein-coding genes on mvAge through their associations with HbA1c and LDL-C.
a, Volcano plot of the Z scores (versus the negative log10(P value)) of the MR estimates (beta/se) for the inverse variance weighted MR method aligned to proxy the pharmacological effect of lowered HbA1c levels. b, Volcano plot of the Z scores (versus the negative log10(P value)) of the MR estimates (beta/se) for the inverse variance weighted MR method aligned to proxy the pharmacological effect of lowered LDL-C levels. Dotted lines indicate the Bonferroni-corrected P-value threshold (1.92 × 10−3). Labeled genes are those with beneficial estimates on mvAge that surpass the Bonferroni-corrected P-value threshold and align with lowered HbA1c and lower LDL-C. c, The STITCH protein–protein and protein–chemical interactions for the 30 protein-coding genes in HbA1c. Stronger associations are annotated with thicker lines. Protein–protein interactions are represented by gray lines, protein–chemical interactions are represented by green lines, and chemical–chemical interactions are represented by red lines. d, Flowchart outlining the cis-instrument analysis pipeline (see Supplementary Methods for more details). P values are derived from two-sided Wald tests.
