Fig. 3: Senescent BMMs drive senescence propagation to multiple tissues.
a, Outline of the studies. BMMs were isolated from aged mice (24 months old, male) and then treated with vehicle or D+Q (ABMM, DQ-ABMM). We subsequently transplanted them into young recipients (3 months old, male mice). b, Gene expression (left) (n = 4 mice) and protein levels (right) of senescence-associated markers in liver (upper), muscle (middle) and adipose tissue (bottom) of young mice transplanted with DQ-treated BMMs (n = 5 mice for ABMMT; n = 3 mice for other groups in liver; n = 3 mice in muscle and adipose). c, Representative SA-β-gal staining in liver (scale bar, 50 μm; n = 4 mice; 5–6 images per mouse) (top) and brain (scale bar, 50 μm; n = 5 mice; 5–6 images per mouse) (bottom). The red arrows represent the SA-β-gal-positive cells. d, GTT and ITT (n = 6 mice). e, Gene expression of G6Pase, PEPCK and PGC-1α in liver (n = 4 mice). f, The ratio of liver weight to body weight (LW/BW) (n = 6 mice). g, The mRNA level of FASN in liver (n = 4 mice). h, Phosphorylation levels of insulin signaling in liver (n = 3 mice for Y-control, n = 4 mice for other groups), muscle and adipose tissue (n = 3 mice). i,j, Representative µCT images (i) and quantitative analysis of trabecular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) (j) (n = 6 mice). k, Hanging endurance (n = 6 mice). l, Novel object recognition (n = 6 mice). Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and #P < 0.0001, as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. I.V., intravenous; mo, months; Rel. fold, relative fold; T.Ar, total area.
