Extended Data Fig. 3: Macrophage heterogeneity in adipose tissue revealed by RNA velocity and differential gene expression.

(a) Differential abundance test between male and female VAT clusters using scProportionTest. Statistical significance was defined at a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 (5%) and absolute log2(fold-change) > 0.58. Clusters meeting this threshold are highlighted in red. (b) RNA velocity projected onto the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) plot. Velocities are based on the steady-state model.(c) Volcano plot depicting the top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Cluster 0 versus Cluster 4. Genes with an adjusted p value > 0.05 and log2(fold-change) > 0.5 were deemed significant.(d) Volcano plot depicting the top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Cluster 0 versus Cluster 5. Genes with an adjusted p value > 0.05 and log2(fold-change) > 0.5 were deemed significant.