Extended Data Fig. 2: Cross-trait associations between brain age gap and other UK Biobank phenotypes.

Each dot represents an association between brain age gap and one of 7,088 non-imaging derived phenotypes in the UKB discovery sample (n = 32,634). P values (-log10 scale) are shown on the y-axis, with phenotypes on the x-axis categorized by their UK Biobank data dictionary path. Analyses were conducted using PHESANT, which applies data-type-specific regression models (linear, logistic, ordered logistic, or multinomial logistic regression). All models included sex, age, age2, scanner site, and total intracranial volume as covariates. Horizontal lines indicate the Bonferroni-adjusted (solid) and FDR-adjusted (dashed) level of significance (two-sided). The top associations in each category are annotated. (a) GM BAG, (b) WM BAG, (c) combined BAG.