Fig. 2: Composition and distribution of cycadivorous insect’s gut microbiome.

A Community composition among a global sampling of cycad-feeding insects. Proteobacteria dominate the gut microbiomes of most cycadivorous insects, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes. B 16 S rRNA phylogenetic tree including 79 bacterial strains isolated from the guts of Eumaeus atala, Pharaxanotha floridana, and Rhopalotria slossoni. The 16 S rRNA gene from the six genomes of the genera Serratia, Pantoea, and Stenotrophomas, plus all the metagenomes data and the 16 S amplicon data were included. Core taxa identified after the integration of different datasets are highlighted: core taxa are shown within boxes and semi-conserved taxa shown underlined. Specific strains selected for further experimental characterization are shown between parentheses below their cognate OTUs.