Fig. 4: Associations between individual cytokine stimulus-response variables and peak severity at baseline vs discharge.

a, b, Associations after adjusting for age between individual cytokine variables (log-transformed cytokine concentration, log(concentration)) at baseline and future peak severity grade (Peak Severity) for a LPS stimulation and b R848 stimulation. c, d Associations after adjusting for age between individual cytokine variables (log-transformed cytokine concentration, log(concentration)) at discharge and previous peak severity grade (Peak Severity) for c LPS stimulation and d R848 stimulation. Shaded areas behind regression lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Individual regression coefficient estimates for the cytokine variable and age are illustrated in a summary plot below each regression plot, hollow dots represent the estimates, bars represent 95% confidence intervals. e, f p-values from all linear regression analyses (n = 45) after adjusting for age on a -log₁₀-axis at e baseline and f discharge. The threshold for statistical significance is shown before adjusting for multiple tests (p = 0.05, blue line) and after Bonferroni-adjustment (p = 0.001, red line). Only associations with p-values smaller than the Bonferroni-adjusted threshold (p < 0.001) were considered statistically significant. g Regression coefficient estimates for the LPS and R848 stimulated cytokine variables and age at baseline vs recovery, hollow dots represent the estimates, bars represent 95% confidence intervals. LPS lipopolysaccharide, R848 resiquimod, CD cluster of differentiation, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, TNF tumor necrosis factor, L O2 liters/minute of oxygen supply, ICU intensive care unit, NULL no stimulation, cd3 CD3/CD28 stimulation, poly Poly:IC (Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) stimulation.