Fig. 2: Causal effect genetically predicted waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fat accumulation using univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization.

The association between waist circumference and body mass index (per 1-SD increase) and NAFLD and liver fat accumulation is presented using univariable inverse-variance weighted MR and multivariable MR using multiple robust methods. Error bars are 95% confidence interval.