Fig. 3: Potential use cases for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in cancer imaging in relation to a patient’s cancer journey.

A typical asymptomatic patient eventually develops cancer presenting symptoms, which usually leads to the cancer diagnosis. Following appropriate disease staging, cancer treatment commences, which can lead to good response or even cure. However, some patients will relapse or progress on treatment for which additional treatment may be administered. Unfortunately, some patients will succumb to their disease. The potential uses for Imaging AI and ML are as shown at various stages of the cancer journey and discussed in the text.