Fig. 2: Associations of adiposity measures with each NMR biomarker.
From: Adiposity and NMR-measured lipid and metabolic biomarkers among 30,000 Mexican adults
Difference (in SD) units of each log-NMR biomarker associated with 2 SD higher adiposity measures. Analyses include 28,934 participants aged 35–84 years without diabetes or other chronic disease and who were not using lipid-lowering medications at baseline. All linear regression models are adjusted for age, sex, educational level, district of residence, smoking, alcohol intake, fasting duration and NMR − experiment site. 2-SD differences represent about 9 kg/m2 BMI, 0.12 units waist-hip ratio, 22 cms waist circumference and 18 cms hip circumference. The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. The n reported corresponds to the number of biomarkers for which the statistical association of the linear adiposity term (after false discovery rate correction) gives p < 0.05. The number of * symbols identifies the level of significance: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) or p < 0.001 (***). Similarly, the statistical significance of an additional quadratic adiposity term is shown by the number of filled grey circles: p < 0.05 (one grey circle), p < 0.01 (two grey circles) or p < 0.001 (three grey circles). AcAce acetoacetate, Ace acetate, Ala alanine, Alb albumin, Apo−A1 apolipoprotein A1, Apo−B apolipoprotein-B, bOHBut 3−hydroxybutyrate, BMI body mass index, Cit citrate, Crea creatinine, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, FA fatty acids, FAw3 omega−3 fatty acids, FAw6 omega−6 fatty acids, Glc glucose, Gln glutamine, Glyc−A glycoprotein acetyls, HC hip circumference, HDL high density lipoproteins, HDL − D high density lipoprotein particle diameter, His histidine, IDL intermediate density lipoproteins, Ile isoleucine, L large, LA linoleic acid, Lac lactate, LDL low-density lipoproteins, LDL − D low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, Leu leucine, LP lipoprotein, M medium, MUFA mono-unsaturated fatty acids, PC phosphatidylcholines, Phe phenylalanine, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, S small, SFA saturated fatty acids, SM sphingomyelins, TotFA total fatty acids, TotCho total cholines, Tyr tyrosine, Val valine, VLDL very low-density lipoproteins, VLDL − D very low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-hip ratio, XL very large, XS very small, XXL extremely large.
