Table 2 Test measures that associate with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

		(1) SARS-CoV-2 cases vs all controls			(2a) SARS-CoV-2 cases vs contemporary controls			(2b) The effect of SARS-CoV-2 status on the difference between pandemic and pre-pandemic measurements
Test, trait (unit)		Cases/ctrls	Effect (95% CI)	P value	Cases/ctrls	Effect (95% CI)	P value	Cases/ctrls	Effect (95% CI)	P value
Perceived Stress Scale (score)	Q	901/34391	−1.97 (−2.37 to −1.57)	2.7E-22	1487/616	−0.37 (−1.00–0.26)	0.25	264/19859	−1.63 (−2.29 to −0.97)*	1.2E-6
Smell, selective anosmia	B	1668/14090	3.72 (3.46–3.99)	9.5e-19	1668/617	4.29 (3.56–5.03)*	2.7E-6	122/294	0.06 (0.02–0.11)*	0.0099
Smell, hyposmia	B	1668/14090	1.88 (1.73–2.04)	1.0E-13	1668/617	2.61 (2.24–2.97)*	2.0E-8	122/294	0.12 (0.04–0.20)*	0.0036
Taste, selective ageusia	B	1669/615	2.44 (1.93–2.95)	1.8E-4	1669/615	2.44 (1.93–2.95)	1.8E-4	NA^$	NA^$	NA^$
Grip strength (kg)	Q	1670/8154	−0.71 (−1.10 to −0.31)	4.9E-4	1670/614	−0.66 (−1.41–0.03)*	0.062	59/139	0.45 (−1.50–2.40)	0.65
Delayed memory recall^# (SD)	Q	1602/602	−0.24 (−0.34 to −0.14)	3.3E-6	1602/602	−0.24 (−0.34 to −0.14)	3.3E-6	NA^$	NA^$	NA^$
Immediate memory recall^# (SD)	Q	1602/602	−0.18 (−0.28 to −0.08)	3.2E-4	1602/602	−0.18 (−0.28 to −0.08)	3.2E-4	NA^$	NA^$	NA^$

The association testing was performed using logistic regression for binary traits (B) and linear regression for quantitative traits (Q), adjusting for sex and age, and also for education when testing for association with memory recall. Effects for binary traits are given in odds ratios (OR) in columns 1 and 2a but as betas in column 2b. P values are obtained from a likelihood ratio test. Shown are all associations that are significant when comparing cases with all available controls, accounting for multiple testing (1). Consistent association results with (1) when comparing cases with contemporary controls (same direction and non-heterogeneity in the effect estimates) are marked with * in (2a) and significant effects (same direction) of SARS-CoV-2 status on the difference between longitudinal measures for cases and controls (2b), are marked with * in (2b).
CI 95% confidence interval. CPET Cardiopulmonary exercise test. ^#Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory recall. ^$Taste and delayed memory recall were not tested prior to the pandemic. SD standard deviations.

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