Fig. 5: Adverse perinatal outcomes averted and contributed by ARVs in sub-Saharan Africa in 1990–2020. | Communications Medicine

Fig. 5: Adverse perinatal outcomes averted and contributed by ARVs in sub-Saharan Africa in 1990–2020.

From: Adverse perinatal outcomes attributable to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2020: Systematic review and meta-analyses

Fig. 5

Numbers of adverse perinatal outcomes averted or contributed by ARVs annually between 1990 and 2020, compared to no ARVs. Positive numbers represent contribution by ARVs, i.e. if no ARVs were given, outcomes would not have occurred; negative numbers represent aversion by ART, i.e. prevented by ARVs, compared to no ARVs (Supplementary Data 1). Pregnant women living with HIV received monotherapy, cART initiated antenatally or preconception. Perinatal outcomes analysed: preterm birth (a), very preterm birth (b), low birthweight (c), small for gestational age (d), very small for gestational age (e). Note that not all treatment groups of WLHIV had data for all perinatal outcomes and that not all comparisons to WLHIV receiving no ARVs were statistically significant. Hence, not all categories in the legends (monotherapy, and antenatal and preconception cART) are represented in the graph for each perinatal outcome. Notably, data for very low birthweight and neonatal death was either not available or not statistically significant (Fig. 2). ARVs Antiretroviral drugs, cART Combination antiretroviral therapy.

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