Fig. 3: Main characteristics of diabetes clusters derived using a modified set of clustering variables, compared to original ‘Alhqvist’ clusters.

Clustering variables denoted in blue are consistent across the different studies, those in black are unique to the particular study outlined. A greyed-out box indicates that the indicated diabetes cluster was replicated from the Ahlqvist study, a dark blue box indicates a new diabetes cluster. GAD, glutamic decarboxylase antibody; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA2-IR/B, homoeostasis model assessment-2 insulin resistance/beta cell function. SAID, severe autoimmune diabetes; SIDD, severe insulin-deficient diabetes; SIRD, severe insulin resistant diabetes; MOD, mild obesity-related diabetes; MARD, mild age-related diabetes.