Fig. 4: Residual T cell phenotypic profile abnormalities in TPs.

a Histograms with the frequencies of CCR7 in CD3⁺ (aI), CD4⁺ (aII), and CD8⁺ (aIII) T cells across the groups (HDs n = 2 (black), UPs n = 26 (red), and TPs n = 22 (blue)). b The SPADE tree shows the distribution of CD4⁺T conv (bI) and CD8⁺T cell (bIII) subsets in HDs, UPs, and TPs. Nodes are coloured by count. CD4⁺Tconv and CD8⁺T cells can be classified into four major subsets by their expression of CD45RA and the chemokine receptor CCR7: naïve (CCR7⁺CD45RA⁺), CM (CCR7⁺CD45RA⁻), EM (CCR7⁻CD45RA⁻), and TEMRA (CCR7⁻CD45RA⁺). The frequencies of naïve, CM, EM, and TEMRA CD4⁺Tconv (bII) and CD8⁺T cells (bIV) in each studied group (HDs n = 22, UPs n = 26, and TPs n = 22) are shown. Boxplots show the expression of the indicated marker in CD4⁺CM (cI) and CD8⁺CM (cII) cells across the groups (HDs n = 22, UPs n = 10, and TPs n = 8). The radar chart shows a composite score of phenotypic cell alteration calculated for each CD4⁺Tconv (cIII) and CD8⁺T cell (cIV) subpopulation in UPs (red lines) and TPs (blue lines) (see “Methods”). Multiple group comparisons were made using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison testing. Values are medians and p values (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001); ns: not significant. Error bars on graphs represent interquartile ranges.