Table 5 The effect of non-benzodiazepine receptor agonists on daytime impairment symptoms by domain and ontology

Endpoint Ontology	Number of daytime impairment symptoms [events per 100 patient years]^a			Percentage increase in endpoint after treatment ± SD (P-value)^b
Endpoint Ontology	Before treatment	During treatment	Average treatment effect [95% CI]
All domains
ICD-clin	16.1	23.2	7.0 [−3.2, 17.3]	43.5% ± 253.9% (P = 0.002)
ICD-clin-DiSMOL	56.0	84.0	28.4 [13.1, 43.7]	50.1% ± 377.8% (P < 0.001)
DiSMOL	129.1	149.8	20.7 [2.6, 38.9]	16.0% ± 449.3% (P = 0.001)
Cognition domain
ICD-clin	16.1	23.2	7.0 [−3.2, 17.3]	43.5% ± 253.9% (P = 0.002)
ICD-clin-DiSMOL	30.7	38.6	8.2 [−3.2, 19.5]	25.5% ± 280.1% (P = 0.008)
DiSMOL	89.4	103.8	14.4 [0.2, 28.6]	16.1% ± 352.0% (P = 0.003)
Emotional domain
ICD-clin	15.9	22.7	6.8 [−3.4, 17.1]	43.0% ± 253.5% (P = 0.002)
ICD-clin-DiSMOL	29.7	51.4	21.1 [11.0, 31.1]	72.9% ± 249.9% (P < 0.001)
DiSMOL	78.7	95.7	17.0 [2.8, 31.2]	21.6% ± 352.1% (P = 0.001)
Physical domain
ICD-clin	16.0	22.9	6.9 [−3.3, 17.1]	43.2% ± 253.6% (P = 0.002)
ICD-clin-DiSMOL	20.7	25.6	4.9 [−5.7, 15.5]	23.6% ± 260.3% (P = 0.036)
DiSMOL	105.8	118.4	12.5 [−3.4, 28.5]	11.8% ± 395.3% (P = 0.016)

None-benzodiazepines were found to significantly increase daytime impairment symptoms across all domains (P-values ≤ 0.016) when assessed using DiSMOL. When evaluated with ICD-clin and ICD-clin-DiSMOL, non-benzodiazepines were associated with a significant worsening of symptoms across cognitive, emotional, and physical domains (P-values ≤ 0.002). However, impairment increases reported by ICD-clin and ICD-clin-DiSMOL were substantially higher than those observed with DiSMOL alone.
CI confidence interval, DiSMOL Disease-Specific Medical Ontology Learning, ICD International Classification of Diseases, ns not significant, SD standard deviation.
^aThe follow up period was from 182 days before treatment to approximately 3 months (mean) during treatment.
^bAn increase shows worsening of daytime functioning (more daytime impairment symptoms) after treatment compared with before treatment, while a decrease shows an improvement in daytime functioning (fewer daytime impairment symptoms).

Search