Fig. 5: Interventions associated with decreased cardiac FAO and increased cardiac GO.

Data are presented as Hedges’ g, which is calculated using a multivariate meta-analysis to enclose all measures of heart function reported in each study. Bars represent 95% CI. Tests for the overall effect and confidence intervals are based on the Knapp and Hartung method. Individual box sizes are determined by their weight in the meta-analysis model. Number of control (n = 147) and intervention group (n = 147) animals. The components of heterogeneity across levels are quantified by partitioned I2-statistics: (2) between-outcomes; (3) between-interventions; (4) between studies. FAO fatty acid oxidation, GO glucose oxidation, IR ischemia-reperfusion, PO pressure overload, DMC diabetic cardiomyopathy.