Fig. 3: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for long-term opioid use (>3 months) (reference: short-term use defined as ≤3 months). | Communications Medicine

Fig. 3: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for long-term opioid use (>3 months) (reference: short-term use defined as ≤3 months).

From: A national cohort study of long-term opioid prescription and sociodemographic and health care-related risk factors

Fig. 3

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio. n = 754 982 opioid-naïve individuals included in the analysis. Health care-related characteristics are based on diagnoses in period prior to initial prescription: 1-year history of cancer, 3-month history of an external injury, and 5-year history of substance use disorders and number of psycholeptic medications. History of prescription psycholeptic drug use is a proxy for number of common psychiatric disorders.

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