Fig. 3: Distinct lymphocyte responses in cardiac tissue of Post-COVID-19 and Post-Vaccination patients. | Nature Cardiovascular Research

Fig. 3: Distinct lymphocyte responses in cardiac tissue of Post-COVID-19 and Post-Vaccination patients.

From: The cellular and molecular cardiac tissue responses in human inflammatory cardiomyopathies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination

Fig. 3

a, UMAP embedding of lymphoid cells delineated 19 lymphoid cell states. b, Upper panel, mean abundance (%) of lymphoid cell states in control left ventricles (n = 11). Lower panel, proportional changes of lymphoid cell states in Non-COVID-19 (n = 7), Post-COVID-19 (n = 9) and Post-Vaccination (n = 4). Color scale: red (increase) and blue (decrease). P values are indicated for significant proportional changes (FDR ≤ 0.05). P values were calculated using the two-sided t-test based on CLR-transformed values with Benjamini–Hochberg correction. For MIS-C, significance was not calculated due to low sample size (n = 2). Only samples with lymphoid counts greater than 30 were considered (Methods). c, Heatmap showing the z-score standardized expression of select marker genes (columns) per T cell cluster (rows). TF, transcription factor. d, Stacked bar chart indicating CD8T/CD4T ratios across conditions. n numbers are as described in b. e, Box plots showing distribution of CD4+ effector memory 1 (CD4T_em1), regulatory (CD4T_reg), RORC-expressing (CD4T_RORC+) and central memory (CD4T_cm) T cells. Significant P values (FDR ≤ 0.05) are shown. n numbers and P value calculations are as described in b. f, Dot plot showing differential expression of activation markers in pseudo-bulk CD8T cells across patient groups relative to control. Dot colors indicate log2-transformed FCs (log2FCs). Dot sizes indicate absolute log2FC. Black circles indicate significance (FDR ≤ 0.05). P values were calculated using the quasi-likelihood F-test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction. g, Box plots showing PRF1 snRNA-seq expression levels in pseudo-bulk CD8T cells from patient groups (Non-COVID-19: n = 7, Post-COVID-19: n = 10, Post-Vaccination: n = 4; see Methods, DEG analysis). P value calculations are as described in f. P values were FDR > 0.05. h,i, Box plots showing snRNA-seq pseudo-bulk expression levels of HLA-F in CMs (h) and of RAET1E in CMs (i) (left) and FBs (right) from patient and control groups (control: n = 18, Non-COVID-19: n = 8, Post-COVID-19: n = 10, Post-Vaccination: n = 4). Significant P values (FDR ≤ 0.05) are shown. P values were calculated as described in g. Box plots in e, g and h: Boxes show interquartile range (IQR); vertical bars indicate the median; and whiskers extend from minimum to maximum values. Dots show individual measurements per patient.

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