Fig. 2: ECC EndoMT requires primary cilia independent of heart looping.
From: Endocardial primary cilia and blood flow regulate EndoMT during endocardial cushion development
a,b, Immunofluorescence on e9.5 WT and cilia KO (Kif3a−/−) (a) and cilia KO (Ift20−/−) (b) mouse heart sections for cilia (ARL13B, green) on endocardial cells (CD31, white). Nuclei are shown in blue (Hoechst). Close-ups of the boxed AVC region without CD31 are provided; the AVC is outlined in white. c, Nuclear Fast Red staining of e9.5 WT and cilia KO mouse hearts with close-ups of the boxed regions; cushions are outlined in black. d, CD31+ cells in the cushion as a percentage of total endocardial cells in the AVC of WT (blue, n = 4), Dnah11−/− (gray, n = 4), cilia KO (green, n = 5) and Ncx1−/− (red, n = 4) hearts (P = 0.0113). e, Immunofluorescence on e9.5 Dnah11−/− mouse hearts for cilia (ARL13B, green) on AVC endocardial cells (CD31, white). Nuclei are shown in blue (Hoechst). Cilia and nuclei alone are shown; white arrows indicate cilia. f, Ciliated endocardial cells in the AVC (triangles) and OFT (circles) as a percentage of all endocardial cells in e9.5 WT (blue) and Dnah11−/− (gray) mice (AVC: WT n = 6, Dnah11−/− n = 6; OFT: WT n = 6, Dnah11−/− n = 6). g, Hematoxylin and eosin staining of an e12.5 Dnah11−/− A-loop mouse heart. Statistics: NS, P > 0.05; *P ≤ 0.05; ***P ≤ 0.001; ****P ≤ 0.0001. The statistical test used was a two-sided t test with Welch’s correction. Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. Unless otherwise stated, n is the number of embryos. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; V, ventricle.
