Table 4 Summary of greenwashing indicators for all entities with a green claim by sector

From: Red flags in green promises: a framework for identifying greenwashing risk in corporate climate pledges

Industry Sector

Biotech

Food

Fossil Fuels

ICT

Infra.

Manu.

Metals

Retail

Services

Transport

Company made a green claim but:

Any potential greenwashing

96.98%

95.89%

99.31%

94.74%

94.74%

96.53%

98.00%

94.62%

94.99%

96.86%

Has no interim target

26.63%

20.5%

27.78%

25.44%

16.03%

13.76%

12.00%

19.71%

33.87%

19.50%

Has no Scope 3 coverage

64.32%

69.86%

60.42%

57.89%

65.60%

82.02%

72.00%

61.29%

59.42%

64.15%

Has no plan

22.61%

17.12%

30.56%

16.67%

15.74%

10.62%

18.00%

21.15%

29.29%

11.95%

Has questionable offset use

51.76%

31.51%

71.53%

41.23%

46.36%

25.24%

46.36%

43.01%

56.55%

45.91%

Has Discrepancy with gas coverage

9.55%

7.53%

15.28%

12.28%

10.79%

5.74%

14.00%

13.62%

19.49%

10.06%

Has negative lobbying record

20.10%

2.05%

56.94%

29.82%

17.20%

3.47%

70.00%

7.17%

0.53%

35.85%

Is not on track to achieve target

23.62%

30.82%

20.83%

26.32%

20.41%

23.40%

20.00%

16.49%

11.61%

16.98%