Fig. 3: Cavitation signal analysis and fold increase in cell number at 3- and 5-days post-treatment.
From: Mesenchymal stem cell cryopreservation with cavitation-mediated trehalose treatment
a Spectral density as a function of time for Eppendorf tubes filled with three different media: water (left), SonoVue microbubbles (MB; centre), and microbubbles + trehalose (right). The FUS source is turned on at ~t = 7 s. b Power spectral densities for the three spectrograms above, averaged over the exposure time. Cells were treated with a range of trehalose concentrations (0–1000 mM) and subjected to either c low (0.25 MPa) or d high (1.6 MPa) pressure for 5 min. Data are presented as the relative cell viability against the control on day 3. A control of cells not exposed to ultrasonication nor treated with trehalose was also used. Statistically significant differences (*) in comparison with the control are shown (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, p < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation (n = 3).
