Fig. 4: Thermoelectric performance of aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) at different parameters was studied systematically.

Parameters potentially affecting Seebeck were selected. One parameter was tuned (highlighted in red), while others were fixed. a The in-plane Seebeck coefficient of AZO for different parameters. b The electrical conductivity of AZO for different parameters. c The power factor of AZO for different parameters.