Fig. 7: TE glazing performance analysis.
a Illustration of the TE glazing design, which consists of 8 nanogenerators. Each nanogenerator has p-type (CuI) and n-type (AZO) deposited on FTO glass. An FTO glass sandwich from the top connects each of the two nanogenerators. b The measuring output of voltage, current and the output power of one nanogenerator. (The error bars of voltage, current and the output power were determined by standard deviation (SD) from five independent measurements conducted at each temperature point. The SD reflects the variability observed across these trials, indicating the reproducibility of the data. The standard deviation and error bars were calculated using Origin Pro 2024 software. c The calculated current–voltage (I–V), and power–voltage (P–V) characteristic curves according to the Eqs. 5, 6, 7 at 10 K and 30 K temperature differences. d A photograph of TEGZ contains 8 nanogenerators. Each nanogenerator consists of AZO & CuI deposited on FTO glass. e A prototype system was used to study the temperature profile of TE glazing. f A temperature has been recorded from the fabricated TE glazing (5 × 5 cm2) containing 8 nanogenerators at a middle point of the outside surface, inside and inside the system at room temperature.
