Fig. 2: Resistance.

a Internal resistance (R) is plotted as a function of the current peak number during the discharge phases throughout the cell’s life span for cell W8. Shades of gray represent different batches of aging cycles. Batch j is defined as the period between the jth and the (j + 1)th reference performance test (RPT). Green points indicate the average internal resistance. b Percentage increase in internal resistance (Rincrease) relative to capacity loss (Qcell,loss) for all five cells.