Fig. 4: Anatomy of deposited materials during CMT.

The oxide layer anatomy for AA5183 during (a) withdrawal and (b) dipping and for AA5183 with 2.5 wt% TiC during (c) withdrawal and (d) dipping. The dashed lines are drawn to distinguish the oxidised and non-oxidised zones, and the yellow arrows highlight their borders. The breakup shape or angle of rupture of the liquid bridge during wire withdrawal cycle from the melt pools for (e) pure AA5183 and (f) AA5183 with 10 wt% of TiC.