Fig. 5: Influence of lattice architecture and external stimuli on the effective elastic properties.
A Variation of Young’s modulus, E1 with hybrid-voltage ratio at constant mechanical normal stress (σx) for different values of tR. B Variation of shear modulus, G12 with the hybrid-voltage ratio at constant shear stress (τxy) for different values of tR. C Variation of Poisson’s ratio, ν12 with the hybrid-voltage ratio at constant normal stress (σx) for different values of tR. D, F, H Contour plots of effective elastic moduli for non-auxetic lattices as a function of LR(=h/L) and cell angle (θ). E, G, and I Contour plots of effective elastic moduli for auxetic lattice as a function of LR(=h/L) and cell angle (θ). Here the constant stresses (σx, σy, τxy) and the voltage, Vl are kept equal to 1000 Pa and 100 V, whereas the length of the inclined member and thickness of the substrate layer are kept at 60 and 0.3 mm, respectively. The arrows (red in sub-figures A and B, blue in sub-figure C denote an increase in piezo thicknesses. In the first three sub-figures, the following condition is conformed: LR = 1.5 and θ = 30, while in the remaining sub-figures: tR = 1 and VR = 3. The elastic moduli are here given in N m−2.
