Fig. 11: Applications of TFAs in energy harvesting systems.

a HdTFAs-based nanogenerator. b Voltage and power output of the hydrovolcanic cell. c MXene/Cellulose/PSSA film-based nanogenerator. d Voltage and current output of the nanogenerator. e Working principle of HdTFAs-based triboelectric generator. f Voltage and current output of the HdTFAs-based triboelectric generator. g Snapshots of HdTFA-based generator. h Working principles and current output of the HdTFA-based generator. a, b Reprinted with permission from ref. 103. Copyright 2014 Springer Nature. c, d Reprinted with permission from ref. 104. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. e, f Reprinted with permission from ref. 105. Copyright 2023 Elsevier. g, h Reprinted with permission from ref. 106. Copyright 2024 Elsevier.