Fig. 7: Typical HdTFAs.
a Fabrication processes of MXene-based HdTFAs. b Swinging motions of MXene-based HdTFA in water vapor. c Deformation mechanism of GO/SA-based HdTFAs and its reciprocating response in gradient humidity field. d Stress variation of GO/SA film in humidity as a function of time. e Fabrication processes of TFA made by Fe3O4, PDMS and sodium alginate. f Response of PIC/SA, PIC, and SA to different humidities. g Deformation mechanism of CNF-, PVA- and PSSNa-based HdTFAs. h Bending angle response of CAS film upon humidity stimulation. a, b Reprinted with permission from ref. 25. Copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH. c, d Reprinted with permission from ref. 23. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. e, f Reprinted with permission from ref. 30. Copyright 2024 Wiley-VCH. g, h Reprinted with permission from ref. 80. Copyright 2022 Wiley-VCH.
