Table 2 Comparison of features among different types of TFAs

From: Thin-film actuators (TFAs): a review

 

TFA type

 

Thermo-driven

Electro-driven

Light-driven

Humidity-driven

Chemical-driven

Features

Fast response

Precisely controllable

High sensitivity

Wirelessly controllable

Energy-efficient

Scalable production

Degradation of responsive materials