Fig. 6: EA technology is integrated into robotics, haptic sensors, and self-cleaning applications.

a Landing and launching of a robotic insect on overhangs using adjustable EA. Reproduced with permission²². Copyright 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science. b EA patches employed as adhesion mechanisms for soft wall-climbing robots. Reproduced with permission⁵³. Copyright 2018, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. c Utilizing EA technology for inverted and vertical locomotion of quadrupedal microrobots. Reproduced with permission⁹¹. Copyright 2018, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. d A climbing crawler robot that integrates EA for its foot mechanism and employs a flexible electrostatic motor. Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (CC BY 3.0)²¹. Copyright 2014 The Author(s). e Contact mechanics between the human finger and a touchscreen facilitated by EA and enhanced through the incorporation of PVDF. Reproduced with permission⁹³. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society. f Electrostatic adhesive braking mechanisms for advanced high spatial resolution refreshable 2.5D tactile shape display systems. Reproduced with permission⁹⁴. Copyright 2018, IEEE. g AC voltage-triggered EA utilized for the cleaning of gecko-inspired adhesives. Reproduced with permission⁹⁷. Copyright 2018, Royal Society.