Table 1 MDD-related EEG findings in the literature.
Findings | Brain regions/Networks implicated | Source | EEG Paradigm |
|---|---|---|---|
Alpha band functional connectivity increased in MDD | Default Mode Network (caudal middle frontal gyrus, insula, parahippocampal, posterior cingulate, rostral anterior cingulate) | Dataset 1: resting state for 5 min Dataset 2: resting state for 5 min, EC Dataset 3: resting state for 16 min, EO and fixated on a low contrast cross on a gray background | |
Alpha and beta band clustering coefficient and local efficiency | Left lingual gyrus and left precuneus | Resting-state for 4 min, EC | |
Beta AEC functional connectivity increased in MDD | sgACC and DLPFC | Resting-state 12-min segment, EO for 6 min, and EC for 6 min; only EC segments analyzed | |
Phase lag increased in MDD | Within the Default Mode Network (right superior frontal gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus); Between Default Mode Network (left superior frontal gyrus) and Central Executive Network (right middle temporal gyrus) | Resting-state, eight 1-min segments, 4 segments EO, and 4 segments EC; only EC segments analyzed | |
Delta phase lag and theta phase lag | Delta phase lag decreased in MDD in the frontal pole, frontal lobe, and parietal lobe after musical stimulus; theta phase lag increased in MDD in the central region after musical stimulus | 3 segments for a total of 6 min Part 1: resting state for 1 min Part 2: Music audio played for 4 min Part 3: resting state for 1 min | |
Resting gamma current density in MDD | Increased in the posterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann Areas 23 and 31) and decreased in Brodmann Area 25 | Resting-state for eight 10-min trials, 4 EC and 4 EO | |
Resting gamma complexity increased in MDD | Frontal and parietal cortex | ||
Gamma during arithmetic counting and spatial imagination tasks increased in MDD | Frontal, anterior frontal, and temporal areas of the cortex symmetrically, and in the central and parietal temporal areas of the left hemisphere | Resting-state and cognitive task consisting of arithmetic counting and spatial imagination while EC for 100 seconds | |
Alpha power decreased in MDD | Areas corresponding to electrodes Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7, F8, C3, C4, P4, O2, T3, T4, and T6 in the international 10–20 electrodes placement system | Resting-state for 2 min EC | |
Alpha power increased in MDD | Frontal and parietal regions | Resting-state for 3 min EC and 3 min EO | |
Alpha power increased in MDD | Frontal and parietotemporal regions | Resting-state for 2 min, EC |
