Table 4 The impact of problematic social media use on mental health.

Cunningham et al.⁸⁸

Future research should focus on individuals with problematic social media use.

Shensa et al.⁸⁹

Problematic social media use is strongly associated with depressive symptoms.

Woods et al.⁹⁰

Adolescents who abused social media have a higher depression risk.

Radovic et al.⁹¹

Over-sharing and stressed posting is associated with depression.

Ivie et al.⁹²

Significant positive correlation between social media use and depressive symptoms.

Raudsepp et al.⁹³

Excessive social media use was correlated with increased symptoms of depression.

Zhong et al.¹⁶⁴

Breaks from social media use could have mitigated mental health trauma during the pandemic.

Haand et al.¹⁶⁵

Addiction to social media is positively linked to depression.

Brailovskaia et al.¹⁶⁶

Depressed individuals often intensively use social media to escape negative moods.

Jeri-Yabar et al.¹⁶⁷

Excessive use of social media is associated with depressive symptoms.

Kircaburun et al.¹⁶⁸

Social media addiction indirectly affects depression levels.