Table 2 Evolutionary clumping (PhyloD) estimate o for the naturalized (a) and invasive character inheritance (b) among Poaceae.

From: Contrasting patterns in phylogenetic and biogeographic factories of invasive grasses (Poaceae) across the globe

Clade

Nat./Total

Phylo D

Brownian Evol.

Random Evol.

(a) Naturalized alien species

    

Poaceae (all)

479/1319

0.72

0*

Reject

0*

Reject

PACMAD

258/673

0.73

0*

Reject

0*

Reject

Pooideae

194/560

0.61

0*

Reject

0*

Reject

Bambusoideae

19/51

0.68

0.03*

Reject

0.02*

Reject

Oryzoideae

7/26

0.43

0.28

Evidence

0.11

Evidence

Clade

Inv./Total

Phylo D

Brownian Evol.

Random Evol.

(b) Invasive alien species

    

Poaceae (all)

246/1319

0.84

0*

Reject

0*

Reject

PACMAD

127/673

0.90

0*

Reject

0.09

Evidence

Pooideae

105/560

0.75

0*

Reject

0*

Reject

Bambusoideae

7/51

0.21

0.34

Evidence

0.02*

Reject

Oryzoideae

6/26

0.37

0.34

Evidence

0.08

Evidence

  1. Values close to 0 indicate strong Brownian/Neutral evolutionary clumping, whereas values close to 1 indicate low phylogenetic clumping of the naturalized/invasive status in the data. PhyloD values not significantly different from 0 indicate a signal of Brownian/Neutral Evolution (strong clumping) and not significantly different from 1 indicate a strong signal of Random Evolution (no clumping) of traits leading to invasiveness or naturalization.
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