Table 3 Antivenoms against Macrovipera venoms listed by the WHO
Antivenom name | Manufacturer | Country | IgG type [source] | Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
European viper venom antiserum | Imunološki Zavod | Croatia | F(ab')2 [equine] | Vipera ammodytes; manufacturer label claim of paraspecificity: Macrovipera lebetina, Montivipera xanthina, Vipera aspis, Vipera berus |
Gamma-Vip | Institut Pasteur de Tunis | Tunisia | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina, Cerastes cerastes |
Hexavalent snake venom immunoglobulin | Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute | Iran | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina cernovi, Echis carinatus sochureki, Montivipera raddei, Gloydius caucasicus, Naja oxiana, Pseudocerastes persicus |
Inoserp™ Europe | Inosan Biopharma S. A. | Spain | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina cernovi, Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Macrovipera lebetina turanica, Macrovipera schweizeri, Vipera ammodytes, Vipera aspis, Vipera berus, Vipera latastei, Montivipera xanthina |
Inoserp™ MENA | Inosan Biopharma S. A. | Spain | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina, Bitis arietans, Cerastes cerastes, Echis leucogaster, Montivipera raddei, Naja haje, Naja nigricollis, Naja pallida, Pseudocerastes fieldi, Pseudocerastes persicus, Walterinnesia aegyptia; manufacturer label claim of paraspecificity: Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea, Macrovipera lebetina turanica, Cerastes gasperettii, Cerastes vipera, Daboia mauritanica, Daboia palaestinae, Echis carinatus sochureki, Echis coloratus, Echis khosatzkii, Echis megalocephalus, Echis omanensis, Echis pyramidum, Montivipera bornmuelleri, Montivipera raddei kurdistanica, Naja nubiae, Naja oxiana, Vipera latastei |
IPAVIP Antiviperin Sera | Institut Pasteur d’Algerie | Algeria | IgG2a [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina, Cerastes cerastes |
Monovalent serum against snake venom gyurza | UzbioPharm LLC | Uzbekistan | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina |
Pentavalent snake antivenom immunoglobulin | Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute | Iran | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina cernovi, Echis carinatus sochureki, Montivipera raddei, Gloydius caucasicus, Pseudocerastes persicus |
Polisera | Vetal Serum ve Biyolojik Ürünler Üretim Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. | Türkiye | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina, Montivipera xanthina, Vipera ammodytes |
Polyvalent Anti-Snake Serum | Egyptian Organisation for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) | Egypt | F(ab')2 [equine] | Cerastes cerastes, Naja haje, Naja nubiae; manufacturer label claim of paraspecificity: Macrovipera lebetina, Bitis arietans, Bitis gabonica, Cerastes vipera, Daboia palaestinae, Echis coloratus, Echis carinatus, Naja melanoleuca, Naja mossambica, Naja nigricollis, Naja oxiana, Naja pallida, Pseudocerastes persicus, Vipera ammodytes, Walterinnesia aegyptia |
Polyvalent Anti-Vipers Serum | Egyptian Organisation for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) | Egypt | F(ab')2 [equine] | Cerastes cerastes, Echis coloratus, Echis pyramidum; manufacturer label claim of paraspecificity: Macrovipera lebetina, Cerastes vipera, Echis carinatus, Montivipera xanthina, Pseudocerastes fieldi, Vipera ammodytes |
Polyvalent serum against snake venoms gyurza, efa, and cobra | UzbioPharm LLC | Uzbekistan | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina, Echis carinatus, Naja oxiana |
SnaFab5 | Padra Serum Alborz | Iran | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina cernovi, Echis carinatus sochureki, Gloydius caucasicus, Montivipera raddei, Pseudocerastes persicus |
SnaFab6 | Padra Serum Alborz | Iran | F(ab')2 [equine] | Macrovipera lebetina cernovi, Echis carinatus sochureki, Gloydius caucasicus, Montivipera raddei, Naja oxiana, Pseudocerastes persicus |
