Fig. 3: Taxonomic classes distribution and indicator species across geographic zones.

a Distribution of the taxonomic classes represented in the paintings across the studied cities as grouped by geographic zones (inland localities, Adriatic Sea, Liguro-Tyrrhenian Sea) and b Indicator taxa identified in each geographic region by the Indicator Species Analysis, only taxa significantly associated to the geographic zones are displayed (Table S1). The average historical population of cities is given in Fig. S2a.