Table 2 Coping in long covid patients (LC) versus non-long covid patients (non-LC)
From: Factors associated with psychiatric outcomes and coping in Long COVID
Type of coping | LC (N = 5,135), non-LC (N = 399) | Mean | s.d. | t | df | P | Effect size (Cohen’s d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-distraction | Yes | 2.603 | 0.797 | 1.368 | 5,532 | 0.171 | 0.07 |
No | 2.546 | 0.847 | |||||
Active coping | Yes | 2.876 | 0.884 | 8.296 | 5,532 | <0.001 | 0.43 |
No | 2.495 | 0.885 | |||||
Denial | Yes | 1.260 | 0.523 | 2.667 | 483 | 0.008 | 0.12 |
No | 1.195 | 0.457 | |||||
Substance use | Yes | 1.330 | 0.680 | −1.555 | 454 | 0.121 | −0.09 |
No | 1.380 | 0.723 | |||||
Use of emotional support | Yes | 2.721 | 0.906 | 3.496 | 5,532 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
No | 2.556 | 0.931 | |||||
Behavioural disengagement | Yes | 1.454 | 0.628 | 5.381 | 481 | <0.001 | 0.25 |
No | 1.297 | 0.556 | |||||
Venting | Yes | 2.123 | 0.738 | 4.577 | 5,532 | <0.001 | 0.24 |
No | 1.947 | 0.764 | |||||
Use of instrumental support | Yes | 2.567 | 0.862 | 7.471 | 5,532 | <0.001 | 0.39 |
No | 2.231 | 0.910 | |||||
Positive reframing | Yes | 2.357 | 0.929 | 1.421 | 5,532 | 0.155 | 0.07 |
No | 2.288 | 0.925 | |||||
Self-blame | Yes | 1.741 | 0.824 | 3.962 | 474 | <0.001 | 0.19 |
No | 1.584 | 0.759 | |||||
Planning | Yes | 2.926 | 0.878 | 11.587 | 451 | <0.001 | 0.65 |
No | 2.351 | 0.961 | |||||
Humor | Yes | 1.987 | 0.893 | −1.676 | 5,532 | 0.094 | −0.09 |
No | 2.065 | 0.914 | |||||
Acceptance | Yes | 3.092 | 0.748 | 2.799 | 5,532 | 0.005 | 0.15 |
No | 2.982 | 0.803 | |||||
Religion | Yes | 1.961 | 1.027 | 1.886 | 5,532 | 0.059 | 0.10 |
No | 1.860 | 1.056 |
