Table 4 Primary and secondary treatment outcomes in adults with a stroke diagnosis compared with those without a stroke in the matched sample

From: A record-linkage study of post-stroke primary care psychological therapy effectiveness in England

Primary outcomes

Reliable improvement

Reliable recovery

Reliable deterioration

N

OR

95% CI

P

ICC

N

OR

95% CI

P

ICC

N

OR

95% CI

P

ICC

Model 1: unadjusted

13,751

0.94

(0.87, 1.01)

0.09

 

13,708

0.90

(0.85, 0.97)

<0.001

 

13,698

1.16

(1.02, 1.33)

0.03

 

Model 2: standard adjustmenta

13,751

0.96

(0.88, 1.03)

0.25

 

13,708

0.90

(0.84, 0.97)

<0.001

 

13,645

1.16

(1.01, 1.33)

0.04

 

Model 3: model 2 + CCI

13,751

0.99

(0.92, 1.08)

0.89

 

13,708

0.94

(0.88, 1.01)

0.115

 

13,645

1.09

(0.95, 1.25)

0.235

 

Model 4: clustering by CCG

13,630

0.93

(0.86, 1.01)

0.07

0.004

13,587

0.90

(0.84, 0.97)

<0.001

0.011

13,577

1.18

(1.03, 1.35)

0.02

0.021

Model 5: clustering by CCG + standard adjustment

13,630

0.95

(0.88, 1.03)

0.198

0.005

13,587

0.90

(0.84, 0.97)

0.004

0.008

13,577

1.17

(1.02, 1.35)

0.02

0.015

Model 6: model 5 + CCI

13,630

0.99

(0.91, 1.07)

0.796

0.005

13,587

0.94

(0.87, 1.01)

0.103

0.008

13,577

1.10

(0.96, 1.27)

0.163

0.014

Secondary outcomes

PHQ-9 change

GAD-7 change

WSAS change (prorated)

N

b

95% CI

P

ICC

N

b

95% CI

P

ICC

N

b

95% CI

P

ICC

Model 1: unadjusted

13,788

−0.42

(−0.64, −0.20)

<0.001

 

13,788

−0.23

(−0.42, −0.03)

0.02

 

10,032

−0.18

(−0.59, 0.23)

0.40

 

Model 2: standard adjustmenta

13,788

−0.30

(−0.49, −0.10)

<0.001

 

13,788

−0.18

(−0.36, −0.01)

0.04

 

10,032

−0.08

(−0.49, 0.33)

0.71

 

Model 3: model 2 + CCI

13,788

−0.14

(−0.35, 0.06)

0.160

 

13,788

−0.10

(−0.27, 0.08)

0.275

 

10,032

−0.04

(−0.46, 0.38)

0.857

 

Model 4: clustering by CCG

13,667

−0.44

(−0.66, −0.22)

<0.001

0.006

13,667

−0.24

(−0.44, −0.42)

0.02

0.004

9,997

−0.18

(−0.60, 0.23)

0.38

0.012

Model 5: clustering by CCG + standard adjustment

13,667

−0.3

(−0.50, −0.10)

0.003

0.006

13,667

−0.19

(−0.36, −0.01)

0.04

0.004

9,997

−0.08

(−0.48, 0.32)

0.70

0.01

Model 6: model 5 + CCI

13,667

−0.15

(−0.35, 0.05)

0.153

0.006

13,667

−0.10

(−0.28, 0.07)

0.258

0.004

9,997

−0.03

(−0.45, 0.38)

0.873

0.01

  1. aStandard adjustment for gender, age at referral, ethnicity, IMD decile, PHQ-9 score at assessment, GAD-7 score at assessment, long-term physical health condition case, appointment year, psychotropic medication status, waiting time between referral and assessment, waiting time between assessment and treatment initiation, number of treatment sessions and diagnosis category.
  2. P values were derived from two-tailed Wald tests (logistic regression) and two-tailed t-tests (linear regression) of the regression coefficients; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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