Table 1 SanQoL-5 questions (descriptive system)

Attribute	Question (item)^a	Responses
Disgust	How often do you feel disgusted while using the toilet?	Always Sometimes Never
Disease	How often do you worry that the toilet spreads diseases?
Safety	How often do you feel unsafe while using the toilet?
Shame	How often do you feel ashamed about using the toilet?
Privacy	How often do you worry about being seen while using the toilet?

^aA preamble is as follows: ‘The following questions are about your sanitation experiences in the past 30 days, meaning defecation, urination, and anything else you do in a toilet. Please respond with always, sometimes or never.’ If less literate respondents struggle with a question, it can be repeated as ‘Do you feel disgusted while using the toilet? How often?’. Before the SanQoL-5 questions, the respondent is asked about the last place they defecated. If the respondent practiced open defecation (OD), for example, in fields or wasteland, they are directed to OD-specific questions, for example ‘How often do you worry about being seen while practising open defecation?’. Further guidance is available at www.SanQoL.org.

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