Table 5 Type and theme of participation by geography
From: A systematic review of Indigenous peoples’ participation in dominant systems of water governance
| Â | Total | Australia | Canada | USA | New Zealand | South American countries | Other countries | Transboundary (USA/Canada) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 183 | 57 | 32 | 27 | 19 | 38 | 4 | 6 |
Type of participation | ||||||||
General, undefined participation or policy engagement | 43 (23%) | 16 (28%) | 12 (38%) | 3 (11%) | 5 (26%) | 3 (8%) | 2 (50%) | 2 (33%) |
Legal engagement | 42 (23%) | 4 (7%) | 4 (13%) | 19 (70%) | 6 (32%) | 7 (18%) | 1 (25%) | 1 (17%) |
Resistance and political mobilization | 30 (16%) | – | 1 (3%) | 4 (15%) | – | 25 (66%) | – | – |
Partnerships and collaborations | 29 (16%) | 14 (25%) | 8 (25%) | 2 (7%) | 5 (26%) | – | – | – |
Recognition | 25 (14%) | 15 (26%) | 4 (13%) | 2 (7%) | 2 (11%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (25%) | – |
Representation | 24 (13%) | 11 (19%) | 3 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (5%) | 3 (8%) | – | 5 (83%) |
Inclusion of Indigenous knowledge and values | 15 (8%) | 4 (7%) | 4 (13%) | – | 5 (26%) | 1 (3%) | – | 1 (17%) |
Negotiations | 10 (5%) | 2 (4%) | 2 (6%) | 4 (15%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (3%) | – | – |
Consultation | 8 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | – | 1 (5%) | 5 (13%) | – | – |
Thematic issue | ||||||||
Water rights and laws | 40 (22%) | 6 (11%) | 2 (6%) | 17 (63%) | 3 (16%) | 12 (32%) | – | – |
General water and water governance | 36 (20%) | 22 (39%) | 3 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (11%) | 4 (11%) | 2 (50%) | 2 (33%) |
Dams, mining and development projects | 28 (15%) | 4 (7%) | 3 (9%) | 4 (15%) | – | 15 (39%) | 2 (50%) | – |
Lakes or rivers | 22 (12%) | 4 (7%) | 2 (6%) | 2 (7%) | 11 (58%) | – | – | 3 (50%) |
Drinking water and source water protection | 15 (8%) | 2 (4%) | 10 (31%) | – | – | 3 (8%) | – | – |
Indigenous knowledge and cultural values | 13 (7%) | 5 (9%) | 3 (9%) | – | 4 (21%) | – | – | 1 (17%) |
Water quality and pollution | 13 (7%) | 1 (2%) | – | 9 (33%) | – | 3 (8%) | – | – |
Conservation and watershed management | 12 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 9 (28%) | – | – | 1 (3%) | – | 1 (17%) |
Environmental watering/flows | 10 (5%) | 10 (18%) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Groundwater | 5 (3%) | 3 (5%) | – | 1 (4%) | – | 1 (3%) | – | – |
Floods | 3 (2%) | – | 2 (6%) | – | 1 (5%) | – | – | – |
Is there a description of the participation? | ||||||||
Yes | 101 (55%) | 39 (68%) | 12 (38%) | 16 (60%) | 10 (53%) | 16 (42%) | 3 (75%) | 5 (83%) |
Is there an evaluation of the participation? | ||||||||
Yes | 27 (15%) | 13 (23%) | 5 (16%) | 3 (11%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (3%) | – | 4 (67%) |
Are Indigenous knowledge and values included? | ||||||||
Yes | 34 (19%) | 13 (23%) | 6 (19%) | – | 11 (58%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (25%) | 1 (17%) |
